Sodium-ion batteries have emerged as a promising next-generation alternative to lithium-ion systems, offering comparable performance at significantly lower cost due to the natural abundance and wide availability of sodium resources. These batteries operate through the reversible insertion and extraction of sodium ions between the cathode and anode, making them well-suited for large-scale energy storage applications. Current research focuses on developing high-performance cathode and anode materials, optimizing electrolytes for improved stability, and enhancing cycle life and energy density. With advancements in material design and interfacial engineering, sodium-ion batteries are poised to play a crucial role in achieving cost-effective and sustainable energy storage for grid and mobility applications.